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Environmental comparison: slate versus alternative materials

In collaboration with Asplan Viak, Minera Skifer has conducted an analysis of the environmental impact of Oppdal and Offerdal slate compared to other common building materials for façades, indoor flooring and outdoor paving. The analysis is based on verified Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and uses a standardized project scenario in Oslo with a lifespan of 60 years. The aim is to provide a clear comparison basis for material selection in projects with documented climate accounts. All comparisons include production and transport, but exclude substructures.

Façade

Slate cladding installed with hook systems is compared to painted wooden cladding (Norway), Porcellanato (Italy), and composite panels (Norway).

Result:
Light Oppdal natural slate has significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions than Porcellanato, with a reduction of approx. 9,000 kg CO₂-eq for a 200 m² façade. Offerdal slate also has lower emissions than Steni and wooden cladding under the same conditions.

Material details: Offerdal Antique 12 mm, Light Oppdal Natural 12 mm, Painted wooden cladding 20 mm (Trøndelag, Norway), Porcellanato (Italy) 12 mm, Steni glass fibre reinforced composite panels (Steinsholt, Norway).
Assumption: Substructure is not included.
Electricity for one house for four years

Specifying Light Oppdal Natural slate instead of Porcellanato from Italy for a 200 m² façade reduces emissions equivalent to the electricity consumption for heating a typical Norwegian detached house (150 m²) for nearly four years.

Indoor flooring:

Slate tiles from Offerdal and Oppdal are compared to Norwegian granite (processed in Europe), Spanish marble, and parquet and laminate from Central Europe.

Result:
Offerdal slate provides 7,000 kg CO₂-eq lower emissions than laminate for 200 m² of flooring. Low carbon footprint and long lifespan make slate a competitive flooring material in terms of environmental performance.

Material details: Offerdal Antique 12 mm, Light Oppdal Silk 12 mm, Norwegian granite (processed in Europe) 12 mm, Marble (Spain) 12 mm, Parquet (Central Europe) 30-year lifespan (1 replacement after installation), and Laminate (Central Europe) 20-year lifespan (2 replacements after installation).
Assumption: Substructure is not included.
Three years of driving

Choosing Offerdal slate instead of laminate from Central Europe for 200 m² of indoor flooring reduces emissions equivalent to three years of daily car use (15,000 km per year) with an average petrol car.

Outdoor paving

For paving, slate is compared to concrete slabs, eco-asphalt, Portuguese granite, and Norwegian granite processed in Europe. Material thickness is adjusted for technical performance (e.g. flexural strength).

Resultat:
Using Offerdal slate results in 26,720 kg CO₂-eq lower emissions than Norwegian granite processed in Europe for an area of 200 m². Granite’s need for greater thickness and higher process energy contributes to the significant emission difference.

Material details: Offerdal Natural 60 mm, Light Oppdal Natural 60 mm, Concrete slabs 10 mm, Eco-asphalt (Oslo, Norway) 5 mm, 10-year lifespan with 5 resurfacings, Granite (Portugal), and Norwegian granite (processed in Europe) 100 mm (requires nearly double thickness due to lower flexural strength).
Assumption: Substructure is not included.
213 round-trip flights

Covering a 200 m² outdoor area with Norwegian granite processed in Europe instead of Offerdal Natural slate increases CO₂ emissions by 26,720 kg – equivalent to the emissions from 213 round-trip flights between Oslo and Trondheim.

Note: These comparisons are based on a standardized scenario and should be viewed as indicative. Actual emissions may vary depending on project location, material choices and technical solutions. The analyses can be used as a basis for early-phase decisions but should be supplemented with project-specific assessments.

Assumptions and method: The analysis was conducted by Asplan Viak in 2022 and is based on production, process and transport data for a standardized project located in Oslo. All emissions are stated in CO₂ equivalents and cover module A1–A4. For materials with shorter lifespans, required replacements are included in the calculations.

Substructures and project-specific adaptations are not included. Other available EPDs may show differing values depending on producer and methodology.

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